Astronomical telescope ya ana sayansi ndi maphunziro kuyesa kulowa-level telescope

Product Parameters

Kusintha:

Eyepiece: h20mm, h6mm ma eyepiece awiri

1.5x galasi labwino

90 digiri zenith galasi

38 cm kutalika kwa aluminiyumu katatu

Satifiketi yotsimikizira khadi yamanja

Zizindikiro zazikulu:

★ refractive / focal kutalika: 360mm, kuwala kolowera: 50mm

★ nthawi 60 ndi nthawi 18 zitha kuphatikizidwa, ndipo nthawi 90 ndi nthawi 27 zitha kuphatikizidwa ndi galasi labwino la 1.5x

★ kusamvana kwamalingaliro: 2.000 arcseconds, yomwe ili yofanana ndi zinthu ziwiri zokhala ndi mtunda wa 0.970 cm pa 1000 metres.

★ mtundu waukulu wa lens mbiya: siliva (monga momwe chithunzichi chikusonyezera)

★ kulemera: Pafupifupi 1kg

★ kukula kwa bokosi lakunja: 44cm * 21cm * 10cm

Kuphatikiza kowonera: 1.5x galasi lowoneka bwino lah20mm eyepiece (chithunzi chonse chabwino)

Malamulo ogwiritsira ntchito:

1. Dulani mapazi othandizira, ikani mbiya ya telescope pa goli ndikusintha ndi zomangira zazikulu zokhoma.

2. Lowetsani galasi la zenith mu silinda yoyang'ana ndikuyikonza ndi zomangira zofananira.

3. Ikani diso pa galasi la zenith ndikulikonza ndi zomangira zofanana.

4. Ngati mukufuna kukulitsa ndi galasi labwino, yikani pakati pa diso ndi mbiya ya lens (palibe chifukwa choyika galasi la 90 degree zenith), kuti muwone thupi lakumwamba.

Kodi telesikopu ya Astronomical ndi chiyani?

Telesikopu ya zakuthambo ndiye chida chachikulu chowonera zakuthambo komanso kujambula zambiri zakuthambo.Kuchokera pamene Galileo anapanga telesikopu yoyamba mu 1609, telesikopu yakhala ikukula mosalekeza.Kuchokera ku gulu la optical kupita ku gulu lonse, kuchokera pansi kupita kumlengalenga, luso loyang'ana pa telescope likukhala lamphamvu komanso lamphamvu, ndipo zambiri zakuthambo zimatha kujambulidwa.Anthu ali ndi ma telescopes mu electromagnetic wave band, neutrinos, mafunde okoka, kuwala kwa cosmic ndi zina zotero.

Mbiri Yachitukuko:

Telesikopu idachokera ku magalasi.Anthu anayamba kugwiritsa ntchito magalasi pafupifupi zaka 700 zapitazo.Cha m'ma 1300 zotsatsa, anthu aku Italy adayamba kupanga magalasi owerengera okhala ndi magalasi owoneka bwino.Pafupifupi 1450 ad, magalasi a myopia adawonekeranso.Mu 1608, wophunzira wina wa H. Lippershey, wopanga zovala za m’maso wa ku Dutch, mwangozi anatulukira kuti mwa kusonkhanitsa magalasi aŵiri pamodzi, amatha kuona zinthu patali.Mu 1609, wasayansi wina wa ku Italy, Galileo, atamva za kutulukira kumeneku, nthawi yomweyo anapanga telesikopu yakeyake n’kuigwiritsa ntchito poonera nyenyezi.Kuyambira pamenepo, telesikopu yoyamba yakuthambo idabadwa.Galileo adawona zochitika za madontho adzuwa, ma crater a mwezi, ma satelayiti a Jupiter (masatelite a Galileo) komanso phindu ndi kutayika kwa Venus ndi telesikopu yake, zomwe zidathandizira kwambiri chiphunzitso cha Copernicus cha heliocentric.Telesikopu ya Galileo imapangidwa ndi mfundo yowunikira kuwala, motero imatchedwa refractor.

Mu 1663, katswiri wa zakuthambo wa ku Scotland, Gregory, anapanga galasi la Gregory pogwiritsa ntchito mfundo yonyezimira ya kuwala, koma silinali lotchuka chifukwa cha luso lopanga zinthu losakhwima.Mu 1667, wasayansi wina wa ku Britain, dzina lake Newton, anasintha maganizo a Gregory pang’ono n’kupanga galasi la Newtonian.Kubowo kwake ndi 2.5cm yokha, koma kukulitsa kumapitilira nthawi 30.Zimathetsanso kusiyana kwa mitundu ya telescope ya refraction, yomwe imapangitsa kuti ikhale yothandiza kwambiri.Mu 1672, Mfalansa Cassegrain adapanga chowonetsera chogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri cha Cassegrain pogwiritsa ntchito magalasi owoneka bwino komanso owoneka bwino.Telesikopuyo imakhala ndi utali wotalikirapo, thupi lalifupi la lens, kukulitsa kwakukulu ndi chithunzi chomveka bwino;Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kujambula matupi akulu ndi ang'onoang'ono akumwamba m'munda.The Hubble telescope imagwiritsa ntchito mtundu uwu wa telescope yowunikira.

Mu 1781, akatswiri a zakuthambo a ku Britain W. Herschel ndi C. Herschel anapeza Uranus ndi galasi lodzipangira lokha la masentimita 15.Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, akatswiri a zakuthambo awonjezera ntchito zambiri pa telescope kuti ikhale ndi luso la kufufuza kwa spectral ndi zina zotero.Mu 1862, katswiri wa zakuthambo wa ku America Clark ndi mwana wake (A. Clark ndi A. g. Clark) anapanga chobowola cha 47 cm ndipo anatenga zithunzi za Sirius mnzake nyenyezi.Mu 1908, katswiri wa zakuthambo wa ku America Haier anatsogolera ntchito yomanga galasi lotsegula la mamita 1.53 kuti lijambula mawonekedwe a nyenyezi za Sirius.Mu 1948, telescope ya Haier inamalizidwa.Kutsegula kwake kwa mamita 5.08 ndikokwanira kuona ndi kusanthula mtunda ndi mathamangitsidwe akutali a zakuthambo.

Mu 1931, katswiri wa maso wa ku Germany Schmidt anapanga telesikopu ya Schmidt, ndipo mu 1941, katswiri wa zakuthambo wa Soviet Mark Sutov anapanga galasi loloweranso la sutov Cassegrain, lomwe linalemeretsa mitundu ya telescopes.

M’nthaŵi zamakono ndi zamakono, zoonera zakuthambo zakuthambo sizilinso ndi magulu a kuwala okha.Mu 1932, American Radio Engineers anapeza kuwala kwa wailesi kuchokera pakati pa mlalang'amba wa Milky Way, kusonyeza kubadwa kwa zakuthambo za wailesi.Pambuyo pa kukhazikitsidwa kwa ma satellite opangidwa ndi anthu mu 1957, makina oonera zakuthambo anachuluka.Kuyambira m'zaka za zana latsopano, ma telescope atsopano monga ma neutrinos, zinthu zakuda ndi mafunde amphamvu yokoka ali m'mwamba.Tsopano, mauthenga ambiri otumizidwa ndi zinthu zakuthambo asanduka thumba la openda zakuthambo, ndipo kuona kwa anthu kukukulirakulira.

Kumayambiriro kwa Novembala 2021, patatha nthawi yayitali yoyesa uinjiniya ndikuyesa kuphatikiza, James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) yomwe ikuyembekezeka idafika pamalo otsegulira omwe ali ku French Guiana ndipo idzakhazikitsidwa posachedwa.

Mfundo yogwira ntchito ya telesikopu yakuthambo:

Mfundo yogwirira ntchito ya telesikopu yakuthambo ndi yakuti mandala omwe ali ndi cholinga (convex lens) amayang'ana chithunzicho, chomwe chimakulitsidwa ndi diso (convex lens).Imayang'aniridwa ndi lens ya cholinga ndiyeno imakulitsidwa ndi diso.Ma lens ndi ma lens amapangidwa ndi magawo awiri olekanitsidwa, kuti apititse patsogolo mawonekedwe ake.Wonjezerani mphamvu ya kuwala pagawo lililonse, kuti anthu athe kupeza zinthu zakuda ndi zambiri.Zomwe zimalowa m'maso mwanu zimakhala ndi kuwala kofanana, ndipo zomwe mukuwona ndi chithunzi chongopeka chokulitsidwa ndi diso.Ndiko kukulitsa ngodya yaing'ono yotsegula ya chinthu chakutali molingana ndi kukula kwinakwake, kotero kuti ikhale ndi ngodya yaikulu yotsegula mu danga lachifaniziro, kotero kuti chinthu chomwe sichikhoza kuwonedwa kapena kusiyanitsa ndi maso amaliseche chimakhala chomveka komanso chosiyanitsa.Ndi makina owoneka bwino omwe amasunga mtengo wofananira womwe umatuluka molumikizana kudzera mu lens yofuna ndi diso.Nthawi zambiri pamakhala mitundu itatu:

1, Refraction telescope ndi telesikopu yokhala ndi mandala ngati mandala.Itha kugawidwa m'mitundu iwiri: telesikopu ya Galileo yokhala ndi mandala a concave ngati chowonera;Telesikopu ya Kepler yokhala ndi mandala owoneka ngati diso.Chifukwa kusintha kwa chromatic ndi kutembenuka kozungulira kwa cholinga cha lens imodzi ndizovuta kwambiri, zowonera zakale zamakono zimagwiritsa ntchito magulu awiri kapena kuposerapo.

2, telesikopu yowonetsera ndi telesikopu yokhala ndi galasi loyang'ana ngati mandala.Itha kugawidwa mu telescope ya Newton, telesikopu ya Cassegrain ndi mitundu ina.Ubwino waukulu wa telescope yowunikira ndikuti palibe kusintha kwa chromatic.Pamene lens cholinga imatenga paraboloid, chozungulira aberration angathenso kuthetsedwa.Komabe, pofuna kuchepetsa chikoka cha zosokoneza zina, malo omwe alipo ndi ochepa.Zopangira zopangira galasi zimangofunika koyeti yaing'ono yokulitsa, kupsinjika kochepa komanso kugaya kosavuta.

3, Catadioptric telescope imachokera pagalasi lozungulira ndikuwonjezedwa ndi chinthu cha refractive kuti chiwongoleredwe, chomwe chingapewe kukonzanso kwakukulu kwa aspherical ndikupeza chithunzithunzi chabwino.Chodziwika bwino ndi telesikopu ya Schmidt, yomwe imayika mbale yowongolera ya Schmidt pamalo ozungulira a galasi lozungulira.Pamwamba pake ndi ndege ndipo inayo ndi yopunduka pang'ono, yomwe imapangitsa kuti gawo lapakati la mtengowo lisinthe pang'ono ndipo gawo lozungulira limasiyanitsidwa pang'ono, ndikungokonza zozungulira komanso chikomokere.